The Mandukya Upanishad, one of the shortest yet most profound Vedantic texts, explores the nature of ultimate reality (Brahman) and the self (Atman) through the sacred syllable OM ($AUM$).The Mandukya declares "Ayam Atma Brahma" ("This Self is Brahman"), teaching that individual consciousness is non-different from the eternal, supreme Reality, and realization of Turiya brings liberation from all illusion and sorrow.